How Does Credit Repair Work?

Your credit problems don’t have to last forever. You can do things to improve your credit report and raise your credit score.

If errors are lowering your credit score, credit repair can improve your score very quickly. Then, as you follow good credit habits, your credit score can continue to rise.

The key steps to credit repair are things you can learn to do yourself if you want to. You could also hire a credit repair company to work on your behalf. Just keep in mind that credit repair companies cost money, and sometimes the promises are too good to be true. 

Whether you work on credit repair yourself or hire a pro, understanding how the process works can help you make better decisions about improving your credit. 

What is credit repair?

Credit repair improves your credit standing by removing inaccurate negative information from your credit report. 

Working with the three major credit bureaus to clear up mistakes on your credit record can improve your credit quickly. You may also boost your credit by making sure creditors correct outdated or incorrect reports about what you owe.

Credit repair isn't like other types of credit help, such as:

• Credit counseling - Involves having a trained specialist look at your finances and work with you to develop a plan to address your money problems.

• Debt relief - involves negotiating with creditors to reduce your debt. While this is unlikely to fix your credit problems instantly, it can lead to better credit scores over time.

How does credit repair work?

Credit repair works by removing negative events from your credit history. Your request for removal works well if records are inaccurate or outdated. Creditors are required to investigate disputes. If they can’t prove the data is accurate, the credit bureau must remove it from your credit report. This process takes up to 45 days. 

You have the right to dispute just about any item on your credit report. This is where disreputable credit repair services try to exploit the system. They dispute every negative item without concern for whether it’s accurate. A blitz of disputes can temporarily improve your credit score. But if the negative data is accurate, it’ll almost certainly be reported again soon.

Find any negative information on your credit report

Your credit file includes the history of how you’ve used credit accounts and how you currently use them. It also includes certain legal records, such as arrests, lawsuits, and bankruptcy filings.

Three major credit bureaus compile this data into credit reports - Equifax, Experian, and TransUnion. They rely on information from banks, credit card companies and other organizations issuing consumer credit. Additional info may come from publicly-available court documents.

Some of the data collected can hurt your credit score. Things that can count against you include:

• Delinquent payments

• Debts referred to collection agencies

• Accounts closed or debts settled without full payment of the amount owed

• Bankruptcy filings

You can remove negative information from your credit report.

No one can make a magic wand and make things disappear from your credit report. However, have the right to get incorrect entries on your credit record removed. 

A study by the Federal Trade Commission found that one in five people had an error on at least one of their credit reports. So, it pays to check those reports periodically for mistakes that may hurt your credit. 

Here are some reasons to remove items from your credit report:

• The entry is inaccurate

• The information is outdated

• The same information is entered more than once

• Identity theft created accounts in your name 

Contact the credit bureau to get negative information off your credit reports

If you find things on your credit reports that are wrong, follow these steps:

1. If you can, find proof that the information is incorrect. This may include updated account statements or correspondence with creditors.

2. Contact the credit bureau or bureaus showing incorrect information. You can do this online, by mail or by phone. 

3. If a mistake appears on the reports of more than one credit bureau, you’ll have to contact each bureau separately to get it cleared up. You’ll find ‌contact information on your credit report.

4. Under the Fair Credit Reporting Act, the credit reporting company must respond to you about potential errors in writing. 

5. If you and the credit bureau can't resolve a dispute, you can request that a statement be added to your report. This statement should summarize your reasons for disputing the information on the credit report.

6. Check back later to ensure the agreed-upon changes are reflected on your credit report. 

Once you fix any mistakes on your credit record, the key to improving your credit score is to use credit wisely.  Over time, work on building a positive credit history. 

Paying for credit repair

If you don’t want to dispute credit report information, you could hire a credit repair company to do it for you. Of course, this means the process will cost you money.

Credit repair companies offer two payment arrangements:

1. Subscription fees - these are monthly fees for as long as the credit repair company is working for you. The downside to this arrangement is that the company has the incentive to keep you subscribing for as long as possible.

2. Pay per delete - involves paying a set amount for every item the credit repair company gets removed from your credit record. The downside to this arrangement is that not all removed items will improve your credit score.

Credit repair companies can’t do anything to fix your credit report that you couldn’t do yourself.

How to research credit repair

If you are considering a credit repair service, do some research on the company offering that service. Try these steps:

• Search for the company on the Better Business Bureau (BBB) website. 

• Do a general internet search to find additional background. 

• Find out how long the company has been in business. 

• Look at review websites that offer lists of the best credit repair companies. 

• Search for the name of any credit repair company you’re considering on the Consumer Financial Protection Bureau (CFPB) website. 

Besides digging up some background on any credit repair company you’re considering, think about how they work and the promises they make. Certain practices are red flags that the service is a scam.

Credit repair scams - what to look for

How can you spot whether a credit repair service is a scam? Here are some common warning signs:

• The organization requires payment before completing your services, which is illegal under the Credit Repair Organizations Act (CROA). 

• They recommend disputing credit report information you know to be accurate.

• A representative encourages you to use an Employer Identification Number or another ID number instead of your Social Security Number.

• They ask you to make false or misleading entries on a credit application.

• Someone discourages you from contacting the credit reporting bureaus directly.

• The company fails to offer you a written contract, including a statement of your legal rights. 

• Their paperwork requires you to waive your rights under the CROA or any other law.

Besides keeping an eye out for these specific red flags, have the credit repair company explain how they intend to improve your credit. If it sounds too good to be true, it probably is.